DAMed in (Trem) 2 Steps

DAMed in (Trem) 2 Steps.

The role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases has been controversial. In this issue, Keren-Shaul et al. identify a unique population of disease-associated microglia (DAM) that develop in two steps and may help to restrict damage in Alzheimer and related diseases.

Macrophage Activation Cutting Edge: TREM-2 Attenuates

Impaired Differentiation of Osteoclasts in TREM-2–deficient Individuals

TREM-2 is an immunoglobulin-like cell surface receptor associated with DAP12/KARAP that activates monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. Recently, it has been shown that genetic defects of human DAP12/KARAP and TREM-2 result in a rare syndrome characterized by bone cysts and presenile dementia called Nasu-Hakola disease. This observation suggests that TREM-2 may function in myeloid ce...

Pattern recognition by TREM-2: binding of anionic ligands.

We recently described the cloning of murine triggering receptor expressed by myeloid cells (TREM) 2, a single Ig domain DNAX adaptor protein 12-associated receptor expressed by cells of the myeloid lineage. In this study, we describe the identification of ligands for TREM-2 on both bacteria and mammalian cells. First, by using a TREM-2A/IgG1-Fc fusion protein, we demonstrate specific binding to...

2 Watching Steps of a

Bartkowiak and Szustalewicz, 1997 (B&Sz), have proposed an implementation of the grand tour algorithm designed specially to detect outliers in multivariate data. The algorithm works by performing a sequence of rotations and projections onto a speciic 2D-plane ((proj). This is equivalent to perform a series of rotations yielding transformed coordinates of the data: X (tr) = XA, with A being the ...